Layer 1 and layer 2 networks
671 companies in this category
Showing 601-624 of 671 companies
Bitcoin.org is a community-maintained website that provides information about the Bitcoin protocol, a decentralized peer-to-peer payment network that operates without a central authority or issuing institution. The site functions as a public information resource, hosting the original Satoshi Nakamoto white paper, developer documentation, wallet selection guides, and educational materials for individuals, businesses, and developers. The website is supported through community donations and operates as an open-source project consistent with Bitcoin's decentralized governance structure. The site provides links to Bitcoin Core, the reference implementation of the Bitcoin protocol, and includes resources such as exchange listings, full-node setup documentation, and technical vocabulary references.
PlatON Network is a public blockchain designed to function as a privacy-preserving computation and payment infrastructure layer. The network integrates verifiable computation, secure multi-party computation, and zero-knowledge proofs to enable data exchange and AI model inference without exposing underlying data. PlatON's architecture targets enterprise and institutional users requiring compliant, privacy-first data collaboration, as well as developers building decentralized applications that require confidential computation. The initiating organization, LatticeX Foundation, operates a grants program and publishes cryptography research to support ecosystem development.
LayerTwo Labs is a Bitcoin development firm dedicated to expanding the utility and scalability of the Bitcoin network. The organization’s primary objective is to integrate all blockchain-based financial activities into the Bitcoin ecosystem, effectively aiming to make every digital transaction a Bitcoin transaction. By providing a platform for innovation that does not compromise the security of the base layer, LayerTwo Labs seeks to position Bitcoin as the universal foundation for all decentralized applications and financial services.
LemonChain is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain designed for tokenization of real-world assets, including real estate, commodities, education credentials, and intellectual property. The network architecture includes high throughput processing, near-instant finality, and low transaction costs. Native infrastructure components comprise a block explorer, decentralized exchange, cross-chain bridge, staking module, and validator program. MegaLemon functions as the primary application layer, operating as an RWA tokenization platform that enables fractional ownership and on-chain liquidity for asset classes traditionally characterized by illiquidity. LemonChain provides blockchain infrastructure through a partnership with One Digital Entertainment for creator economy applications, including on-chain rewards mechanisms and decentralized content ownership structures.
Lithosphere is a Layer 1 blockchain network developed by the KaJ Labs Foundation that integrates artificial intelligence components with interoperability functionality. The platform employs LinBFT (Linear-communication Byzantine Fault Tolerance) as its consensus mechanism and uses a custom execution language called Lithic Lang for smart contract processing. The network incorporates Deep Neural Networks into contract execution and implements a proprietary token standard designated LEP100. Security features include zero-knowledge proofs, post-quantum cryptography, and privacy-preserving account linking mechanisms. The Makalu Testnet operates as the current test environment. The ecosystem includes several applications: Colle AI, Imagen AI, Jot Art (an NFT platform), and Ego (a decentralized exchange).
MediBloc Limited is a blockchain company based in South Korea that develops Panacea, a Layer 1 blockchain designed for health data exchange and patient data sovereignty. The network implements decentralized identifiers (DIDs) and verifiable credentials to enable patients to control, authenticate, and selectively share health records while keeping sensitive data off-chain. The ecosystem includes patients, medical professionals, hospitals, insurers, and pharmaceutical companies as participants. The network uses MED tokens as incentive mechanisms for participants contributing to network operations. Panacea supports electronic health records (EHRs) and personal health records (PHRs), and integrates with third-party tools including Cosmostation wallet and Mintscan explorer.
MegaETH is an Ethereum Layer 2 blockchain built for real-time performance, targeting over 100,000 transactions per second, sub-10-millisecond block times, and more than 10 gigagas per second of throughput while settling on Ethereum. Its core technical differentiator is a purpose-built execution architecture that keeps authentication state in RAM via a system called SALT (Small Authentication Large Trie), eliminating disk I/O bottlenecks that constrain conventional EVM chains. The network is designed for developers and applications requiring high-frequency, low-latency on-chain interactions, including DeFi protocols, gaming, and real-time consumer apps. MegaETH has a native token and stablecoin (USDm, issued in partnership with Ethena), and the project is backed by tier-1 venture investors. The team is led by co-founders including chief strategy officer Namik Muduroglu.
MemeCore is a Layer 1 blockchain designed for meme coin culture and creator communities. The platform operates on a thesis emphasizing participation, contribution tracking, and community building. Core infrastructure features include social mining, which converts user influence into on-chain value; a Meme Cultivator program for converting creative content into persistent cultural artifacts; and developer tooling for building meme-native decentralized applications. The system uses a native token, $M, for network operations. The platform serves meme coin creators, community builders, and developers seeking a purpose-built blockchain environment rather than general-purpose chain alternatives.
Metal Blockchain is a Layer 0 blockchain infrastructure platform designed for financial institutions and banks. The platform incorporates Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) compliance mechanisms as a core architectural component, enabling regulated financial entities to deploy blockchain-based services within existing regulatory frameworks. The system operates as part of the Metallicus ecosystem, which includes the XPR Network and WebAuth Wallet. Metal Blockchain provides developer documentation and support through a Banking Innovation Program, facilitating integration by institutional banking partners and technology vendors. The platform's technical design prioritizes regulatory alignment for institutional deployment.
Miden is a blockchain network that implements zero-knowledge proof technology to enable client-side transaction execution rather than centralized network processing. The architecture supports both public and private transactions through zero-knowledge proofs, allowing developers to configure data visibility at a granular level. The protocol incorporates post-quantum cryptographic primitives to provide security against potential quantum computing threats. Core components include mechanisms for programmable privacy and transaction throughput optimization suitable for financial applications. The system is designed to serve institutional finance and decentralized finance use cases with compliance considerations.
MIDL is an execution environment that enables Ethereum-compatible smart contracts to operate on Bitcoin without requiring a separate Layer 2 chain or cross-chain bridges. The system functions as an external virtual machine, allowing developers to deploy decentralized applications using EVM-compatible tooling while users interact through standard Bitcoin transactions using native BTC and Bitcoin-native assets. The platform comprises a JavaScript SDK for development, a testnet environment for user onboarding, and integrations with infrastructure providers such as Maestro's Symphony indexer to support validator operations. The architecture is designed to provide smart contract functionality within the Bitcoin network while maintaining compatibility with existing Ethereum development practices and Bitcoin transaction mechanisms.
MintCoin is a Proof-of-Stake cryptocurrency that transitioned from Proof-of-Work consensus in 2014. The network implements a staking mechanism providing annual rewards on held coins, with minting eligibility beginning after a 20-day holding period. Transaction finality occurs in approximately 2 minutes, and the system supports transaction throughput of 200 or more transactions per second with minimal fees. The network architecture accommodates both payment transactions and long-term value storage use cases. MINT tokens are available on multiple exchanges including SouthXchange, Altilly, Unnamed Exchange, and BtcPop. The project maintains a desktop wallet implementation distributed through GitHub and supported by community contributors.
Morph is an Ethereum Layer 2 blockchain configured as a settlement layer for payment applications. The network operates with block times of 0.3 seconds and supports transaction throughput of 3,000 transactions per second. BGB functions as the network's gas token and is used for governance and utility functions across the ecosystem. The network integrates with multiple payment service providers within the Bitget ecosystem. OSL Pay provides stablecoin on and off-ramp functionality. Alchemy Pay enables fiat-to-cryptocurrency conversion. Paydify and AEON offer merchant checkout capabilities. Bitget Wallet provides scan-and-pay transaction flows. These integrations enable payment operations across the network. The Morph Foundation operates a funding program that supports development teams building payment systems, remittance infrastructure, tokenized real-world asset implementations, and enterprise custody solutions on the network.
MOVA Chain is a modular Layer 1 blockchain designed to support institutional and compliant Web3 and payment finance applications. The network implements post-quantum cryptographic security mechanisms to address quantum computing threats and incorporates scalability features for financial use cases, including crypto-linked payment card programs and payment processing infrastructure. The ecosystem supports decentralized finance primitives, gaming applications, artificial intelligence tooling, and developer infrastructure. The network provides a native block explorer and published API documentation for integration. The protocol integrates decentralized cybersecurity functionality through Naoris Protocol, applied across its payment processing stack.
Namecoin is an open-source blockchain protocol derived from Bitcoin that implements a key/value pair registration and transfer system. The protocol enables users to register, manage, and transfer names under the .bit top-level domain without requiring centralized intermediaries. It uses NMC as its native currency. The system operates through merged mining with Bitcoin, allowing miners to simultaneously secure both blockchains. Namecoin provides a decentralized DNS infrastructure that resolves .bit domain names through its blockchain rather than traditional DNS servers. The protocol addresses the technical challenge of creating a naming system that maintains security, decentralization, and human-readable identifiers simultaneously. The project is maintained as open-source software by a distributed community with no centralized corporate entity. It is designed for use cases involving digital identity management, domain registration, and censorship-resistant internet infrastructure.
=nil; Foundation operates an Ethereum Layer 2 blockchain that implements zkSharding, an architecture combining sharded execution with zero-knowledge proofs to enable horizontal scaling across a unified network of shards. The system allows parallel transaction execution across multiple shards while maintaining a single global state, avoiding fragmentation inherent in multi-chain or rollup-cluster designs. The platform provides infrastructure for developers building high-throughput decentralized applications, including DeFi protocols. The network includes a public testnet, CLI tooling, an RPC node, and a sandbox explorer to support application deployment and interaction.
Nockchain is a Layer 1 blockchain protocol that implements a ZK-Proof-of-Work (zkPoW) consensus mechanism, integrating zero-knowledge proofs with proof-of-work mining. The protocol architecture supports private and censorship-resistant applications through its consensus design. The node software is open-source and available on GitHub under the zorp-corp organization. The project maintains developer documentation and an active ecosystem for application development.
Obscuro Labs is a development team that created TEN, an Ethereum Layer 2 network designed to implement transaction-level encryption through Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs). The protocol encrypts transaction data to prevent public visibility of smart contract execution while maintaining compatibility with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). TEN operates as a confidentiality-focused scaling solution that processes transactions within secure hardware enclaves, allowing encrypted state transitions and contract interactions. The architecture leverages TEE technology to separate transaction visibility from network participants while preserving the ability to verify execution correctness. The system maintains Ethereum compatibility, enabling existing smart contracts and tools to function within the encrypted execution environment.
Octra is a Layer 1 blockchain network designed around Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) technology, which enables computation to be performed on encrypted data without requiring decryption. The network targets applications in both blockchain and artificial intelligence domains. The mainnet is operational and supports smart contracts written in OCaml, AST, ReasonML, and C++, providing an alternative to EVM-compatible blockchain architectures. Data management is implemented through an extended version of IrminDB with integrated validator support. The project provides open-source tooling, including Hypergraph. The network uses a native token for its economic model.
Onyx is a modular Layer 3 blockchain constructed on Arbitrum and secured through Ethereum and Base. The network is designed to support financial-grade applications including banking, securities, and cross-border payment systems. The architecture employs a block time of 1.2 seconds and processes transactions with fees denominated in fractional units. The network is powered by Onyxcoin (XCN), an ERC-20 token on Ethereum that functions as a utility token, gas token, and governance token. A portion of transaction fees are burned through the token mechanism. XCN is distributed across multiple blockchain exchanges and maintains a total supply of 48 billion tokens.
OpenZK is an Ethereum Layer 2 network that uses zero-knowledge rollup technology to process transactions. The system integrates transaction scaling with staking functionality within a single platform. Users can deposit ETH through a cross-chain bridge, with deposited funds automatically staked and restaked on the Ethereum mainnet. The network also supports liquid restaking and stablecoin staking. Staking rewards are returned to users alongside Layer 2 transaction processing. OpenZK provides an Ethereum-compatible execution environment for smart contracts and applications, supporting decentralized finance, real-world asset applications, and trading use cases. The protocol has undergone security audits by Hashlock and CertiK.
Parallax Protocol is a Proof-of-Work Layer 1 blockchain featuring a fixed supply of 21 million LAX tokens and Ethereum Virtual Machine compatibility. The network implements Bitcoin-style economic parameters, including ten-minute block intervals, no premine, and no venture capital allocation. The protocol supports smart contracts, enabling developers to deploy decentralized applications and rollups on the Proof-of-Work settlement layer. The network is operational with supporting infrastructure including a block explorer, node map, and desktop client software for macOS, Windows, and Linux platforms.
Pearl Research Labs is building an L1 blockchain protocol that uses Proof-of-Useful-Work (PoUW), replacing traditional hash-based mining with GPU matrix multiplication (MatMul) as the native consensus mechanism. The core technical differentiator is a custom MatMul implementation that lets GPUs produce blockchain proof-of-work as a side-effect of AI training and inference workloads, enabling a single computation to serve both purposes simultaneously. The network targets GPU operators, AI compute buyers, and blockchain participants seeking an alternative to energy-wasteful mining, with a compute marketplace and block explorer already deployed. Pearl publishes a formal whitepaper, a cryptographic research paper, and open-source code, and has partnered with AI inference provider Together AI to validate the compute layer. The network's native token ticker is PRL.
Peercoin (ticker: PPC) is a proof-of-stake blockchain that launched in 2012, making it one of the earliest cryptocurrencies and the originator of the proof-of-stake consensus mechanism as an alternative to Bitcoin's proof-of-work. The protocol combines proof-of-stake for security with an optional proof-of-work mining layer, and is designed around a low-inflation economic model intended for long-term sustainability. Peercoin is governed and supported by the Peercoin Foundation, a non-profit entity that coordinates development, documentation, and community resources. The project targets users and developers seeking an energy-efficient, decentralized base-layer blockchain, and the coin is tradeable on third-party exchanges with a wrapped version available for use in other ecosystems.
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