Layer 1 and layer 2 networks
558 companies in this category
Showing 481-504 of 558 companies
BitShares is a delegated proof-of-stake blockchain platform that integrates a decentralized exchange for trading user-issued assets, smartcoins, and custodian-pegged assets directly on-chain. The platform combines an in-protocol order-book exchange with a cryptocurrency minting system that enables collateralized stablecoins backed by the native BTS token. The architecture includes liquidity pools and HTLC-based recurring payment functionality. The system is designed to support high-throughput transaction processing and serves developers, traders, and organizations requiring on-chain financial infrastructure. The protocol operates as a decentralized, community-governed system without centralized corporate control.
Category Labs is a blockchain infrastructure company founded by engineers with backgrounds in high-frequency trading and low-level systems programming. The company builds high-performance decentralized systems, with its primary focus on contributing to Monad, a 100% EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain targeting 10,000 transactions per second, 1-second block times, and single-slot finality. Its technical approach draws on expertise in C++ and systems-level optimization, applying nanosecond-precision performance engineering to blockchain infrastructure challenges. The company holds a treasury allocation of the MON token and is backed by a group of institutional crypto venture investors including firms specializing in blockchain infrastructure.
Chia Network is a Layer 1 blockchain platform that uses a Proof of Space and Time consensus mechanism, replacing energy-intensive Proof of Work with unused hard drive storage capacity. Founded by BitTorrent creator Bram Cohen, it operates its own native cryptocurrency XCH and a smart contract language called Chialisp. The platform targets institutional use cases including tokenized financial assets, carbon market infrastructure, and luxury goods provenance and authentication. Chia completed a SOC 2 audit in 2025 and has a related entity, Permuto Capital, working on securities-related blockchain applications built on the network.
Cronos is a multi-chain blockchain ecosystem consisting of three interconnected layers: Cronos EVM, an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain; Cronos zkEVM, a zero-knowledge Layer 2 hyperchain; and Cronos POS, a Cosmos-based Layer 0 security chain. The ecosystem is developed in association with Crypto.com and targets decentralized finance, real-world asset tokenization, and AI-native financial applications. The platform includes an AI Agent SDK and a natural-language interface called Project Cortex. The native token is CRO. The architecture supports developers building composable DeFi primitives, institutional partners implementing tokenized asset infrastructure, and retail users accessing on-chain financial services through standard interfaces.
CyberMiles is a public blockchain network initially designed as a delegated proof-of-stake (DPOS) chain with Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) compatibility, originally oriented toward e-commerce applications. The network is undergoing a version 2.0 upgrade that redirects its focus toward Decentralized Identity (DID) infrastructure, enabling users to maintain self-sovereign control over credit data and digital identity through cryptographic protocols. CMT serves as the native token, functioning for gas fees, validator staking, and on-chain governance participation. Under the 2.0 model, token issuance is distributed to proof-of-stake nodes and community participants. ByteTrade Lab, an ecological partner, is developing Terminus, a Web3 operating system designed as an early integration of the CyberMiles DID protocol. The project operates as a community-driven initiative with input from ecological partners guiding its development direction.
Cypherium is a Layer 1 blockchain that combines GPU-exclusive proof-of-work mining with a Byzantine Fault Tolerant consensus mechanism called CypherBFT, which incorporates elements from the HotStuff protocol to achieve transaction finality while maintaining permissionless participation. The network is compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine and Solidity, enabling deployment of existing Ethereum smart contracts without modification. The protocol includes a native token (CPH) and supports cross-ledger transfer functionality through CypherLink and banking system integration through Cypherium Connect. The architecture is designed to facilitate real-world asset tokenization and interoperability between traditional financial infrastructure and decentralized finance systems. The protocol implements ISO 20022 compliance standards.
Cytonic is a Layer 1 blockchain that implements a modular architecture separating settlement, data availability, and execution into distinct layers. The network supports four execution environments: EVM, SVM, MoveVM, and CosmWASM, enabling developers to deploy applications within their preferred virtual machine while maintaining shared liquidity. The system currently operates in testnet phase with EVM and SVM environments active. A planned upgrade will introduce MoveVM and CosmWASM support alongside native cross-virtual-machine communication capabilities. Cytonic includes an integrated dApp builder tool that employs autonomous agent systems to assist in the design, audit, and deployment of decentralized finance, gaming, and cross-chain applications. This builder component is in private beta testing.
Dash is an open-source project and decentralized payment network engineered to provide secure, fast, and user-friendly financial solutions. Often referred to as "Digital Cash," the platform facilitates near-instant transactions and optional privacy features, such as InstantSend and PrivateSend, to mimic the ease of traditional payment methods like cash or credit cards. By utilizing a unique two-tier architecture of miners and masternodes, the network ensures high-speed verification while maintaining a self-governing and self-funding model through its decentralized autonomous organization.
DENTNet is a Layer 1 blockchain designed for the telecommunications industry, providing infrastructure for eSIM data services, carrier settlement, and telecom-related decentralized applications. The network uses a native token called DENTX with a fixed supply of 11.7 billion units. The system is intended for mobile network operators, eSIM providers, and developers building telecom services that require blockchain-based settlement and service capabilities. DENTNet functions as the blockchain infrastructure component of the Dent ecosystem, which separately maintains consumer-facing products. The protocol layer and application layer operate as distinct components within this structure.
DigiByte is an open-source, decentralized UTXO blockchain created in late 2013 and launched in early 2014, operating with no central company or CEO and funded entirely by its volunteer community rather than an ICO or premine. The protocol uses five cryptographic mining algorithms alongside real-time difficulty adjustment via DigiShield, and the Odocrypt algorithm that rotates every 10 days to resist ASIC centralization. Blocks are produced every 15 seconds, making it roughly 40 times faster than Bitcoin, with SegWit enabling high transaction throughput at negligible fees. Beyond its native DGB currency, the platform supports DigiAssets for tokenizing real-world assets, smart contracts, decentralized applications, and Digi-ID for secure, blockchain-based authentication. It is a community-driven, globally distributed project with no identifiable legal headquarters.
Dill is a modular Layer 1 blockchain designed around maximum decentralization and scalability, built to be fully compatible with Ethereum's Danksharding roadmap. Its core technical differentiator is a consensus layer supported by over 1 million validators, positioning it as a high-validator-count network for launching and securing blockchain applications. The project offers a validator partner program via its Staker interface, allowing operators to run minipools and participate in network security. Dill raised a Pre-Seed round announced in July 2024 and has an active testnet explorer (alps.dill.xyz) along with an airdrop program and a growing ecosystem of partners.
dKargo is a Layer 3 blockchain built on Arbitrum and Ethereum, designed for logistics applications. The protocol addresses inefficiencies in logistics data sharing and supply chain coordination through a three-component architecture. dOPTIM functions as a logistics service layer that bridges Web2 and Web3 systems. Data Lab serves as a logistics data collection and verification engine for third-party developers. dHUB operates as a governance and community coordination layer using decentralized autonomous organization mechanisms. The platform is EVM-compatible, open source, and supports transaction processing with sub-second block times and throughput capacity of up to 6,000 transactions per second. It operates a native token (DKA) and provides a Korean-language interface. The system targets logistics providers, shippers, and developers building supply chain applications.
Dominant Strategies is a blockchain research and development company that builds and operates Quai Network, a proof-of-work Layer 1 blockchain. The network employs multi-threaded execution and a consensus mechanism called Proof-of-Entropy-Minima (PoEM) to process transactions at scale while maintaining decentralization properties. The company maintains go-quai, an open-source client implementation for the Quai Network protocol. The team includes researchers and practitioners with backgrounds in Bitcoin development and large-scale mining operations. The company conducts research on scaling proof-of-work systems and publishes academic work on related topics.
Elements is an open source blockchain platform based on Bitcoin's codebase that supports sidechain functionality. Launched in June 2015, it enables developers to create and operate independent blockchains with features including Confidential Transactions for transaction privacy, Issued Assets for custom token creation, and Strong Federation for block validation through a federation of signers. Elements operates either as a standalone blockchain or as a pegged sidechain, enabling verifiable asset transfers between connected chains. The platform is designed for developers with familiarity of the bitcoind API and serves as a testing environment for Bitcoin protocol modifications. Liquid Network, operated by Blockstream, represents a production implementation built on the Elements platform.
Enya Labs is the core development contributor to Boba Network, an Ethereum Layer 2 scaling solution built on the Optimistic Rollup architecture. The company developed HybridCompute, a technology that bridges off-chain Web2 data sources with on-chain smart contracts and decentralized applications, enabling use cases across DeFi, NFT, GameFi, and SocialFi verticals. Boba Network's native token is BOBA, and the protocol targets developers building dApps that require real-world data connectivity alongside the throughput and cost benefits of an L2.
Evmos is a Layer 1 blockchain built on the Cosmos SDK that implements Ethereum Virtual Machine compatibility. It executes Ethereum-compatible smart contracts as a Cosmos application-specific blockchain, combining Ethereum's developer tooling and contract compatibility with Tendermint proof-of-stake consensus and Cosmos Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) protocol for cross-chain value transfer. The network architecture allows Ethereum developers to deploy Solidity contracts without modification while accessing the Cosmos ecosystem. The system operates a native token (EVMOS) and implements governance through Evmos DAO, a decentralized organization structured under an Interim Constitution ratified through on-chain governance mechanisms. The software stack has been adopted by other blockchain projects including the XRPL EVM Sidechain.
Fibonacci is a public Layer 1 blockchain designed for social and creator economy applications operating under the SocialX protocol. The network uses a PBFT plus DPOS dual consensus mechanism and is engineered to process transactions at high throughput. It maintains EVM compatibility and supports interoperability with Cosmos ecosystem Layer 1 chains. The architecture separates the chain layer from the application layer, allowing developers to deploy customized blockchains through plug-and-play solutions without constructing underlying infrastructure independently. The ecosystem includes native components: FlySwap (a decentralized exchange), FigBox, FiboScan (a block explorer), and FBridge (a cross-chain bridge). The FIBO token is available on cryptocurrency exchanges.
Firo is a proof-of-work cryptocurrency that implements cryptographic privacy protocols for on-chain transaction anonymity. Its primary privacy mechanism, Lelantus Spark, provides anonymity sets up to 2^15 without requiring trusted setup. The network uses FiroPoW, a GPU-mining consensus algorithm, combined with LLMQ Chainlocks to mitigate 51% attacks and enable rapid transaction finality. The protocol incorporates a masternode network for additional functionality. Firo's total coin supply is capped at 21.4 million with tail emission. The system includes Spark Assets, a feature that obscures asset type information in transfers. The project has produced academic research on privacy protocols including Zerocoin, Sigma, Lelantus, and MTP, some of which have been adopted by other blockchain projects. The architecture supports applications requiring transaction privacy, such as anonymous voting systems and tokenized assets.
Fluent is an Ethereum Layer 2 blockchain implemented using zkRollup technology. It features a multi-virtual machine architecture that enables smart contracts written in EVM, SVM, and WebAssembly (Wasm) bytecode to execute on a single chain. Developers can deploy Solidity, Rust, and other Wasm-compatible programs natively without requiring bridges or separate execution environments. The system includes a primitive called Prints designed for on-chain reputation integration. Fluent operates a public testnet and provides developer tooling, documentation, and code repositories through the fluentlabs-xyz GitHub organization.
Freeverse.io operates LAOS, a Layer-1 blockchain designed to enable minting of NFTs and digital assets on Bitcoin and EVM-compatible chains with reduced transaction costs. The system uses a bridgeless architecture that allows assets to be created and evolved on LAOS while remaining natively visible on other chains such as Ethereum, reducing network congestion and associated fees. The project originally focused on Living Assets, which are dynamic, evolving NFTs, and has expanded to include a full network with a native $LAOS token, staking mechanisms, governance structures, and planned Bitcoin integration. The LAOS Foundation has announced closure and is transitioning project maintenance to the community, indicating a shift toward decentralized or community-operated governance.
Frequency is a Layer 1 blockchain implementing the Decentralized Social Networking Protocol (DSNP) to enable user control over identity, social graphs, and personal data across applications. The architecture provides self-sovereign digital identities and portable social graphs as core components. The network operates on a capacity-based economic model that establishes predictable transaction costs for developers. Key technical features include on-chain identity management, graph portability mechanisms, and a fee structure designed around capacity allocation rather than per-transaction pricing. Frequency Gateway offers developer tooling for application deployment. The platform is designed for social networking applications and decentralized application builders seeking alternatives to centralized platform architectures.
Handshake is a decentralized, permissionless naming protocol that functions as a peer-to-peer alternative to the traditional Domain Name System and certificate authorities. Network participants collectively validate and manage the root DNS naming zone using a blockchain secured by proof-of-work consensus, eliminating reliance on centralized registrars or root zone controllers. Names are allocated through an on-chain auction mechanism using the native HNS token, which provides sybil resistance without requiring a trusted intermediary. The protocol is designed for developers, open-source contributors, and users seeking domain ownership resistant to censorship. Handshake operates as a decentralized open-source project without a singular foundation or controlling entity, with its reference implementation publicly available.
Hazza Network is a decentralized payment infrastructure layer designed to unify the fragmented global payments landscape by bridging traditional financial networks with blockchain technology. Leveraging proven enterprise technology from OCTO3, the network provides an open API and smart contract framework that allows merchants, acquirers, and cryptocurrency service providers to interact within a single, frictionless ecosystem. By automating settlement, compliance, and registry functions on-chain, Hazza aims to reduce intermediary fees and expand financial access for both legacy payment schemes and emerging digital assets worldwide.
Helios is a Layer 1 blockchain positioning itself as the first ETF-native chain, enabling users to bundle multi-chain assets (Ethereum, BNB, Avalanche, Polygon, stablecoins, RWAs) into on-chain ETF baskets. Security is provided by Interchain Proof of Stake & Reputation (I-PoSR), with rebalancing and profit-taking automated via a module called Chronos and AI-managed portfolio logic via Hyperion. The network reports 4 million wallets and 25+ live projects in its beta mainnet phase, with $HLS listed on KuCoin, MEXC, BingX, and WEEX. Partners include Orochi Network, Alibaba Cloud, CertiK, Ankr, and several wallet and infrastructure providers.
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